David asks why Jonathan would hand him over to Saul rather than execute him directly if he truly believes David guilty. This rhetorical question exposes the cruelty of delivering him to an unjust death and appeals to Jonathan’s covenant loyalty and sense of honor.

Jonathan responded with horror and strong denial in verse 9, saying, ‘Far be it from you!’ He reaffirmed his loyalty to David, promising to warn him if he learned of any evil intent from Saul.

David’s question carries the weight of desperation and trust combined. By asking why Jonathan would deliver him to Saul, David appeals to the illogic and cruelty of such an action. The Hebrew construction emphasizes the rhetorical force: if Jonathan truly believes David guilty, killing him directly would be an act of covenant mercy compared to handing him over to Saul’s rage. David’s question functions as both an appeal and a test, revealing whether Jonathan will honor their sacred covenant or side with his father. The phrase ‘covenant of the LORD’ invokes divine witness and obligation, reminding Jonathan that their friendship carries theological weight. By framing the question this way rather than directly pleading for protection, David forces Jonathan to confront the moral reality of what betrayal would mean.