At some time following the victory at Ai, Joshua led the people thirty miles north to Shechem, which lies in the valley between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim. Here the nation obeyed what Moses had commanded them to do in his farewell speech (Deut. 27:1–8). Joshua interrupted the military activities to give Israel the opportunity to make a new commitment to the authority of Jehovah as expressed in His law.
Joshua built an altar (vv. 30–31). Since Abraham had built an altar at Shechem (Gen. 12:6–7), and Jacob had lived there a short time (chap. 33–34), the area had strong historic ties to Israel. Joshua’s altar was built on Mount Ebal, “the mount of cursing,” because only a sacrifice of blood can save sinners from the curse of the law (Gal. 3:10–14).
In building the altar, Joshua was careful to obey Exodus 20: and not apply any tool to the stones picked up in the field. No human work was to be associated with the sacrifice lest sinners think their own works can save them (Eph. 2:8–9). God asked for a simple stone altar, not one that was designed and decorated by human hands, “that no flesh should glory in his presence” (1 Cor. 1:29). It’s not the beauty of manmade religion that gives the sinner forgiveness, but the blood on the altar (Lev. 17:11). King Ahab replaced God’s altar with a pagan altar, but it didn’t give him acceptance with God or make him a better man (2 Kings 16:9–16).
The priests offered burnt offerings to the Lord as a token of the nation’s total commitment to Him (Lev. 1). The peace offerings, or “fellowship offerings,” were an expression of gratitude to God for His goodness (3; 7:11–34). A portion of the meat was given to the priests and another portion to the offerer so that he could eat it joyfully with his family in the presence of the Lord (7:15–16, 30–34; Deut. 12:17–18). By these sacrifices, the nation of Israel was assuring God of their commitment to Him and their fellowship with Him.
Joshua wrote the law on stones (vv. 32–33). This act was in obedience to the command of Moses (Deut. 27:1–8). In the Near East of that day it was customary for kings to celebrate their greatness by writing records of their military exploits on huge stones covered with plaster. But the secret of Israel’s victory was not their leader or their army; it was their obedience to God’s law (Josh. 1:7–8). In later years, whenever Israel turned away from God’s law, they got into trouble and had to be disciplined. “And what great nation is there that has such statutes and righteous judgments as are in all this law which I set before you this day?” asked Moses (Deut. 4: nkjv).
Believers today have the Word of God written on their hearts by the Holy Spirit of God (Rom. 8:1–4; 2 Cor. 3). The law written on stones was external, not internal, and could instruct the people but could never change them. Paul makes it clear in the epistle to the Galatians that while the law can convict sinners and bring them to Christ (Gal. 3:19–25), it can never convert sinners and make them like Christ. Only the Spirit of God can do that.
This is now the fourth public monument of stones that has been erected. The first was at Gilgal (Josh. 4:20), commemorating Israel’s passage across the Jordan. The second was in the Valley of Achor, a monument to Achan’s sin and God’s judgment (7:26). The third was at the entrance to Ai, a reminder of God’s faithfulness to help His people (8:29). These stones on Mount Ebal reminded Israel that their success lay only in their obedience to God’s law (1:7–8).
Joshua read the law (vv. 34–35). The tribes were assigned their places in front of the two mounts, according to Moses’ instructions in Deuteronomy 27:11–13. Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali were at Mount Ebal, the mount of cursing; and Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph (Ephraim and Manasseh), and Benjamin were at Mount Gerizim, the mount of blessing. The tribes at Mount Gerizim were founded by men who had either Leah or Rachel for their mother, while the tribes at Mount Ebal were descended from either Zilpah or Bilhah, handmaids of Leah and Rachel. The only exceptions were Reuben and Zebulun, who belonged to Leah. Reuben had forfeited his status as the firstborn because he had sinned against his father (Gen. 35:22; 49:3–4).
In the valley between the two mountains stood the priests and Levites with the ark, surrounded by the elders, officers, and judges of the nation. The people were all facing the ark, which represented the presence of the Lord among His people. When Joshua and the Levites read the blessings of the Lord one by one (see Deut. 28:1–14), the tribes at Mount Gerizim responded with a loud united “Amen!” which in the Hebrew means “So be it!” When they read the curses (see Deut. 27:14–26), the tribes at Mount Ebal would respond with their “Amen” after each curse was read.
God had given the law through Moses at Mount Sinai (Ex. 19—20), and the people had accepted it and promised to obey. Moses then repeated and explained the law on the Plains of Moab at the border of Canaan. He applied that law to their lives in the Promised Land and admonished them to obey it. “See, I am setting before you today a blessing and a curse— the blessing if you obey the commands of the Lord your God that I am giving you today; the curse if you disobey the commands of the Lord your God” (Deut. 11:26–28 niv; note vv. 29–32).
Joshua now reaffirmed the law in the land of promise. Since the area between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim was a natural amphitheater, everybody could hear the words of the law clearly and respond with intelligence. By shouting “Amen” to the statements that were read, the people admitted that they understood the law with its blessings and curses, and that they accepted the responsibility of obeying it. This included the women, children, and the “mixed multitude” (sojourners) who had joined Israel (Ex. 12:38; 22:21; 23:9; Deut. 24:17–22; 31:12). If they wanted to share in Israel’s conquest, they had to submit to the law of Israel’s God.
God’s people today stand in a valley between two mounts—Mount Calvary, where Jesus died for our sins, and Mount Olivet, where He will return in power and great glory (Zech. 14:4). The Old Testament prophets saw the Messiah’s suffering and glory, but they did not see the “valley” between their era and this present age of the church (1 Peter 1:10–12). Believers today aren’t living under the curse of the law, because Jesus bore that curse “on a tree” (Gal. 3:10–14). In Christ believers are blessed with “every spiritual blessing” (Eph. 1: nkjv) because of the grace of God. For them life means the blessings of Gerizim and not the curses of Ebal.
However, because Christians “are not under the law, but under grace” (Rom. 6:14; 7:1–6), it doesn’t mean that we can live any way we please and ignore the law of God or defy it. We aren’t saved by keeping the law, nor are we sanctified by trying to meet the demands of the law, but “the righteousness of the law” is “fulfilled in us” as we walk in the power of the Holy Spirit (Rom. 8:4). If we put ourselves under law, we forfeit the enjoyment of the blessings of grace (Gal. 5). If we walk in the Spirit, we experience His life-changing power and live so as to please God.
Let’s give thanks that Jesus bore the curse of the law for us on the cross and that He bestows all the blessings of the heavenlies on us through the Spirit. By faith we can claim our inheritance in Christ and march forth in victory!